Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in Domrémy, France. She lived during the period in which Britain and France were at war for 100 years. During this time Britain won most of the battles. Because France is desperate they send Joan of Arc to the battle field in the front line. After she wins her first battle (battle of Orléans) she is mocked by fellow knights because she was a woman. Joan of Arc was infuriated by the remarks and attempted to cut her hair to show that she was just like them. Joan Won many battles in her short life giving France a chance to defeat the British. However in 1431 she was captured by the British allies and burned on a steak for Witchcraft. Joan if Arc inspired French generals to come and left a great impact on French history.

Crusades

What was the goal of the Crusades and what were the effects of the Crusades on life in Europe?

The goal of the crusaders was to retake the Holy Land. After the first crusade they managed to keep the Holy Land Christian for about 88 years until it was re-taken by the Turkish Muslims. However, even though they were unable to keep the Holy Land, they brought back lasting treasures. These included, Arabic Medicine, Mathematics, and Technology that greatly impacted the way they lived their lives. It also reopened trade routes when ships transporting troops, returned with goods.

Charlemagne

Charlemagne was born in 742. became king of the franks at the age of 24 and during his 50 years of reign he expanded his empire from France to Austria. Charlemagne conquered his neighboring kingdoms and killing everyone who worshiped pagan gods, who dis-obied him, and who refused to be baptized. He divided his kingdom into over 300 provinces and started up schools, enforced Christianity, and improved the economy. After his death he split the Empire between his three sons. Because the three sons were at constant war with each other and other kingdoms, as well as the vikings were at war, the empire began to weaken once again.

feudalism and the manor system

Feudalism- When a noble, powerful Lord, or King owns a large patch of land, but a fief is used by their vassals.

Manor System- A set or rights between the Lords and their serfs.

why did poor peasants remain poor their entire lives. What effect do you think this had on their beliefs?

There were only two ways to for a peasant to earn their freedom, buy a patch or land and earn money. One of the ways was to pay your lord and buy your freedom; however this only applied to peasants that worked in the manor. Also, they could escape and if they managed to survive for a year and a day (366 days), they would b

e granted freedom.

Reflection on Renaissance Fair

We, as an entire 8th grade class along with several teachers; worked for several weeks to create an evening full of renaissance activities. in 4 of our classes we created different project. In our DT class, we re-created the inventions of Leonardo Da Vinci. For Art we created a museum using one point perspective with the art work of Leonardo and Michael Angelo. In Music we played three different songs on the recorder, and in English we recited the play "midsummer night's dream" by Shakespeare. All in all, I believe that the night was a huge success because everyone did an outstanding job.

What I Learned From My Classmates

Conquest of the Muslim Empire (Marshall H.)

• Spread all over the Mediterranean , Arabic Peninsula, and North Africa.
• Conquests started after the death of Muhammad.
• Ended at 732.

Women In Islam (Emma M.)

• Wear black cloth covering their entire bodies.
• Rights changed after 14 centuries.
• Boys are favored.

Achievements of Muslims (Johanna K.)

• Created a Language; Arabic.
• Invented Anesthetics.
• Discovered Algebra.

Geography of Islam (Ilija L. & Connor M.)

• Largest Peninsula; The Arabic Peninsula.
• Covered mostly by Desert.
• Lacks Lakes/Rivers.

Islamic Extremists (Leda Livada J.)

• Main group of Extremists is called Al-Qaeda, lead by Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden.
• To become an Extremist you must become an Islamic Jihad.
• Only a small group of Muslims believe in Violence, and not all are extremists.

How Geography and Trade Affected the Empire (Luka B.)

• Empire lay in the center of all trade rotes making it ideal for trade.
• Trade allowed cultural Diffusion.
• Merchants spread the Word of the Islamic Religion.

Summary of Islamic Achievements Prezi

http://prezi.com/pynhbd7llepw/medieval-islam-achievements/

In my presentation I talked about the different types of Islamic achievements. I talked about the three main categories; Mathematics, Technology, and Medicine. In each of the sections I talked about their three most astonishing contributions to modern society.

In the mathematics section I talked about the invention of Algebra, a branch of mathematics concerning the study of the rules of operations and relations, the Binomial Theorem, and spherical trigonometry.

I also talked about the different inventions such as the Six-cylinder 'Monobloc' pump that uses water to move objects, the elevated battering ram, and the fountain pen.

The last aspect of the achievements I talked about were the medical contributions. These included cough medicine, a surgery for cancer, and Sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction drugs. I ended my presentation with a sort pop quiz.

Medieval Islam Achievements on Prezi

The Golden Age of The Islamic Civilization

https://sites.google.com/site/humanitieshub8/classroom-news/thursdaymarch17

How did geography and trade contribute to the growth of the Muslim Empire, the spread of Islam
and the achievements of the Golden Age? (use specific and relevant details from both chapters
to support your thinking, include images and quotes to increase visual appeal)

Muslims and the Islamic religion were tremendously impacted on by the geography and the trade possibilities of their location. It impacted their growth as a religion, their ability to spread their philosophy, and their achievements during their Golden age.

The Arabian Peninsula was mostly covered by desert wasteland. This geography and climate did not aid the growth of the Muslim faith, but rather decreased it. Because, although surrounded by water, the Arabian Peninsula had no major rivers or lakes and received only a limited amount of rainfall every year. Because of this, trade was the main reason for the growth of the Muslim faith, and civilization. Even though the Arabian Peninsula had a terrible climate and geography for growth and prosperity, the location was ideal. The Peninsula is located between the rich Mediterranean region, as well as the rest of the European continent; and the lush, and powerful Asian Continent. This means that, like Constantinople, The Muslim civilization was the center of all trade routes. This meant that trade became the main factor for the development, and evolution of the vast Muslim Empire.

Being the center of trade was not only beneficial for the growth of the civilization, but also for the spread of their new religion. At the beginning of the sixth centuryVery few people, even within the Arabian Peninsula, did not accept the new religion, not wanting to leave their old God or Gods. However, when different peoples from different parts of Eurasia, passed through the Arabic Empire, they not only exchanged good, but also ideas. This gradually started to convert many different groups of people to the Muslim faith. In 661 the Muslim faith spread through the entire Arabic peninsula and, gradually spread to North Africa, Spain, and Persia, and the border of India by 1180. Not only did this increase the number of Muslims which increased the Empires power, but also united a large group of people together and united them into one society.

Geography and trade mostly affected the Muslim empire between the eighth and thirteenth century. This time period was known as the Golden age of the Muslims. In this age the fusion of ideas between the Chinese, Roman, Greek, Persian, Indian, Egyptian, and the Arabs, resulted in a numerous amount of inventions, and discoveries. The Arabic people discovered new types of medicine, and offered the opportunity of buying your own medication at pharmacies, and also opened local hospitals.The Muslims composed numerous poems, and a variety of literature that people still admire today. Another great contribution was mathematics. The Arabs used previous knowledge and created the first form of algebra and wore equations such as a formula for finding the area of certain objects. Finally, Muslims created an abundant amount of machines, and were specifically interested in ones powered by water.

Muslim Poem

A lonely Salesman

As I walk across the Desert land,

My goods all in my caravan,

All I can see is orange sand,

I’m just a lonely salesman.

As I walk across the desert plain,

I call upon Allah and say,

“Oh dear Allah, please make it rain!”

This I repeat every waking day.

I hope to find an Oasis soon,

A place to pause, to take a break,

In this burning month of June,

I found it at last complete with its own miniature lake.

I home at last,

I cannot relax,

Tough moths have past,

For I must cross the Desert, in a flash!

Mosaic Project

This is the Orthodox Byzantine Cross. It is used mostly by the Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. The second cross-bar at top is for the INRI inscription; the bottom cross-bar is His footrest.

INRI is an acronym of the Latin inscription IESVS·NAZARENVS·REX·IVDÆORVM (Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum), which translates to English as "Jesus the Nazarene (Galilean), King of the Jews (Judeans)". The Greek equivalent of this phrase, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (Iesous ho Nazoraios ho Basileus ton Ioudaion), appears in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

Field Trip; St. Petka Chapel

Mosaic Field Trip

Kalemegdan Fortress - St. Petka Chapel

Describe the mosaic you have chosen:

• there is a small pool of water at the bottom of the picture surrounded by rocks
• character in the middle has wings
• character in th middle has a halo
• the character is large compared to the picture
• the character is placed upside down
• the character is an angel
• the character is reaching for the holy water
• the mosaic is part of a three-mosaic story
• the character is dressed well
• the character is blessing the water
• the characters eyes are facing the viewer
• the background of the painting is gold

Do the mosaics in the St. Petka chapel follow the "rules" according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art?

The paintings in the St. Petka broke two of the museums rules; First, none of the people in the mosaics have floating feet. On most of the mosaics both feet are flat and hard on the floor, and they do not look like they are floating.The second rule they broke was "Little interest in natural setting". The rules created by the Metropolitan museum art state that mosaics have very little interest in natural setting; however, in some of the mosaics seen in the chapel of St. Petka have a lot of natural setting, with small hills, other types of physical geography, and nature in general. Very few mosaics focus on gold backgrounds.

To look at the rest of the rules go to: http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/byzantium/art.html

Is this mosaic a good example of Byzantine Art? Why/Why not?

Yes, in my opinion this mosaic symbolizes an angel coming from the heavens to bless the water and prepare it for baptism, or mystical powers; This shows it significance in Christianity. Also, it follows all of the rules of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, unlike ons of the other mosaics seen in the chapel.

Saints

To become a priest in the Christian religion, the process can take decades, or even centuries to complete. The process by which a person is made a priest is called canonization. The procedure of canonization is as follows:

1. A local bishop investigates the candidate's life and writings for evidence of heroic virtue. The information uncovered by the bishop is sent to the Vatican.

2. A panel of theologians and the cardinals of the Congregation for Cause of Saints evaluate the candidate's life.

3. If the panel approves, the pope proclaims that the candidate is venerable, which means that the person is a role model of Catholic virtues.

4. The next step toward sainthood is beatification. Beatification allows a person to be honored by a particular group or region. In order to beatify a candidate, it must be shown that the person is responsible for a posthumous miracle. Martyrs, those who died for their religious cause, can be beatified without evidence of a miracle. On October 20th, 2003, Mother Teresa was beatified. She will now be known as Blessed Mother Teresa of Kolkata.

5. In order for the candidate to be considered a saint, there must be proof of a second posthumous miracle.

A very interesting saint that I liked in particular was St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco.

St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco was also called St. John the wonderworker.

He was born on the fourth of June 1896, in Adamovka, Kharkov, Russia but is also of Serb

ian origin. He is also related to an earlier saint, St. John of Tobolsk. In 1921 he moved to Belgrade where he graduated the Belgrade University. Later on St. John was known for his miracles. St. John preformed many miracles such as prophesy, clairvoyance, and healing. He also invested large amounts of money into rebuilding a local Orthodox church in Shanghai. He also repeated his act in San Francisco in the year 1962. Because he was a gr

eat Christian role model, who preformed many posthumous miracles, he was declared a saint in July, 1994, exactly 28 years after his death in July, 1966.

Question form Notes on "The Byzantine Empire"

What Empire was greater, the Greek, Roman, or Byzantine? Write a persuasive speech to support your answer.

In my Opinion, the greatest of the three civilizations would be the Byzantine Empire. Although I know very little about this civilization I believe it proved to be superior to the other two because of two reasons.

The first reason i that the Byzantine Empire can after the other two. Because Byzantium was built on top of Eastern Rome and Greece, it did not have to reconstruct any buildings, Therefore, their architecture could not have been worse that the Roman, or the Greek.

Also, my other reason for believing that the Byzantine Empire was greater than the other two is that it actually is the other tow. Byzantium is the Roman empire and it is the Greek civilization. Because Byzantium was Part of Rome before, it kept many of its lifestyle, architecture, art, etc. However, most of the population was made up of the Greeks and they also brought in their way of life. Because of this the best parts of both civilizations mixed and created the Byzantine Empire. There for Byzantium is Better than Rome, because it also had Greek teachings, schools, philosophizes, etc; and it is also better than Greece because it practices Roman law, structure of government, art, architecture, Religion, etc.

Reflection on Unit 2

1. Describe how you prepared/studied for the unit test.

The week before the test I had multiple ways of studying. First, I read all of the chapters again to ensure that I did not skip any relevant information. Next, I studied the information with a partner, in this case Luka Sumic. We looked at all of the topics and asked both detailed and vague questions about them. Finally, I re-read all of the chapters the day before the test to refresh my memory.

a) Do you think your studying strategies were effective - why/why not?

I think that my studying strategies were very effective because I remember all of the information very well. Also, when you ask your partner a question, you tend to think of the answer as-well, insuring the fact that you did not forget the information. Another thing is that reading the information before the test refreshes your memory so if you focused to much on other subjects, all the information returns to your brain.

b) Hoe will you prepare next time?

Next time we have a test I will prepare the same way I did for this one, read, quiz, and refresh; but I will also focus a bit more on two factors I though were less important. These factors are, definitions of important words, and I must focus more on the geography and start of empires or civilizations.

2. What was the most surprising thing you learned about during this unit.

During the unit about Rome and Christianity, I found two things very interesting. One, was learning about emperor Nero, how he tortured the Christians, the fire of 64C.E. and his plans for the golden house. Next, I was very surprised by the Emperor Caligula. Caligula shocked me because I cannot see why the people did not revolt against him. He dug up Alexander the Greats armor, stuffed his horse and made him a senator.

3. If we had more time to spend on Rome and Christianity, what would you want to learn more about?

If we were to spend more time on this unit I would like to learn more about Cleopatra. I think that it would be interesting to learn about Cesar's love interest and how all of it worked out. Also, I think we should have spent more time on emperor Nero, and Augustus because I feel that they are two of the most important people in Rome's history,

ummarize the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. Do you think it was inevitable? Why/not?

There were six main reasons for the decline of Rome. These were, the geography, it was hard to defend the weak wester borders because it took a long time to get there. Another reason was, economic decline, everything was becoming more expensive, and not as accessible. Also, the growth in government was bad because everyone was trying to get more power, more money and often they would use the power they had to become rich, or started civil wars. Next, was the decline in work force, meaning that there were not as many slaves as before and many romans couldnt do the work themselves. Lack of technology was also a problem because farmers did not have enough of it to grow enough food for all of Rome. Finally, military defeat was the last straw; the Romans could no longer defeat the barbarians.

he Roman people did not want a dictator or a king. Do you think Augustus and the emperors that followed him were any different?

Yes I think that an emperor is differs from a king. First of all an Eperor is usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm who has a senate for advice. However, a king is a head of state, who may or may not, depending on the style of government of a nation, exercise monarchal powers over a nation, usually called a kingdom or a realm. To me the key difference is that an Emperor still has a senate and a form of democracy, but the democratic part (the senate, the assembly) have very little power. On the other hand, a king has only himself and is the only man with power.

Describe the ways that Roman genius has benefited the world. Provide concrete examples to support your thinking.

Roman Genius benefited the world in many different ways and areas. Roman Genius has benefited us in Military organization. This is because Rome's army was organized, strict, disciplined, full time, and paid. Today, we see the same thing with most of the worlds armies. Also, they benefited us in engineering. The Roman people were the first to build strait, and smooth roads making transportation faster. They were also the first to build a system of channels to transport water into the city, as well as making a court with a judge, a jury, an accuser, and a defender.

Reflection on Unit One (Ancient and Classical Greece)

For our first unit this year, the eighth grade students of ISB studied ancient and classical Greece. We, as a group learned a lot about how the geography affected the development, as well as learning about all of the various Gods and Goddesses in Greek mythology. We also learned about the rise and fall of the country, as well as the start of Democracy and the Olympic games. Over all, I think that it was an exiting unit and I enjoyed almost all of it; but I think that next year they should also learn about the great Trojan war because I think that that is an exiting time to learn about.